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Upcycled soap: Discarded bars given new lease of life and donated to the less fortunate

Upcycled soap: Discarded bars given new lease of life and donated to the less fortunate

SINGAPORE: Handwashing with soap is something many of us take for granted.

Although it is one of the most cost-effective ways to curb the spread of disease and illness, not all have equal access to this daily necessity. And very often, this hygiene essential is thrown away before it is completely used.

To reduce wastage and ensure all communities have access to soap, some social enterprises and businesses have partnered with organisations to process these discarded scraps – helping to make a difference one upcycled bar at a time.

One such initiative is Soap for Hope, started by hygiene company Diversey in 2013.

The social enterprise told CNA that it has diverted about 3,800 tonnes of soap from landfills across the globe and converted these into 31.6 million bars.

It first collects discarded bars from hotels before scraping them to remove impurities such as hair and debris.

The soap is then cut into smaller pieces and then sanitised using Diversey’s proprietary food-grade sanitiser, said Soap for Hope founder, Mr Stefan Phang.

The sanitised soap pieces are next pressed into bricks, dried and then cut into individual bars ready for distribution.

When asked about the cleanliness of upcycled soap, Mr Phang said: “Soap, by itself, is self-cleaning. No microbes can grow on the soap surface. After scraping, the soap is 99.99 per cent sterile and when required by local authorities we have done tests to demonstrate that the reprocessed soaps are clean and hygienic.”

In Singapore, the organisation has collaborated with 19 hotel partners.

Since participating in the initiative, Hotel Conrad Centennial has recycled all used guest soap bars. This year alone, more than 229kg of soap was saved from the trash.

 

 

“In a world where many die due to lack of access to basic sanitation, we are happy that we are able to turn guest room waste into life-saving treasures,” Mr Mike Williamson, General Manager of Hotel Conrad Centennial told CNA.

Over at Hotel Jen Singapore Orchardgateway by Shangri-La, the housekeeping department collects the used bars and hands them over to Soap for Hope for upcycling a few times a year, depending on the collection quantity.

With about 500 guest rooms, the hotel averaged about 1,500kg of used soap bars yearly prior to the COVID-19 shutdowns.

This translates to about 7,000 to 10,000 new soap bars for distribution, going to recipients like migrant workers, low-income families and nursing homes.

“This initiative shows me that the community cares. It also highlighted the importance of keeping ourselves and our families safe during COVID-19 by washing our hands frequently and regularly,” said Neo Hock Ann, a resident at Tung Ling Community Service.

“PERFECTLY GOOD FOR USE”
It is not only hotels that are on board. Organisations have also been working with major fragrance manufacturers to distribute soap to those in need.

Besides recycling used soap bars, Soap Cycling Singapore also collects sample bars that are about to be discarded by major fragrance manufacturers and artisanal soap makers.

“These samples are untouched and perfectly good for use. We help to divert these fit-for-use bars away from the landfills or incinerators and put them in the hands of those who need it,” said Jacqueline Tan, partnerships manager of Soap Cycling Singapore.

“Bar soap is generally self-preserving, and cleans by physically washing away dirt and microorganisms. Compounds called surfactants in bar soap work to remove germs and dirt as soon as it comes into contact with water,” she added.

At Takasago International, soap trial samples are usually thrown away at the end of each project. To reduce waste, the company started sending soap trial samples every one to two months.

About 10kg to 15kg of soap bars have been donated each month, said Priscilla Fun, Evaluator of Takasago International.

The soap bars are then delivered to communities in need with the help of non-governmental organisations (NGO).

Local charities and community groups that distribute the bars to rental flats and low-income groups said the soap comes in useful as it is a basic necessity.

SG Accident Help Centre, a non-profit that provides care for injured Singaporeans and migrant workers, also shared that such donations help their beneficiaries save on expenses.

Soap Cycling Singapore partnered with migrant worker NGOs to distribute the upcycled soap at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.

“No one really pays attention to something simple like soap in a rich country like Singapore but just imagine if you were stuck in the workers’ dormitories or somewhere without proper access to soap, and all the health problems that will bring,” a migrant worker told CNA via a Soap Cycling Singapore representative.

Since its launch in 2017, Soap Cycling Singapore has distributed about 138,000 bars.

 

 


 

 

Source cna

 

Scientists convert used plastic bottles into vanilla flavouring

Scientists convert used plastic bottles into vanilla flavouring

Plastic bottles have been converted into vanilla flavouring using genetically engineered bacteria, the first time a valuable chemical has been brewed from waste plastic.

Upcycling plastic bottles into more lucrative materials could make the recycling process far more attractive and effective. Currently plastics lose about 95% of their value as a material after a single use. Encouraging better collection and use of such waste is key to tackling the global plastic pollution problem.

Researchers have already developed mutant enzymes to break down the polyethylene terephthalate polymer used for drinks bottles into its basic units, terephthalic acid (TA). Scientists have now used bugs to convert TA into vanillin.

 

Vanillin is used widely in the food and cosmetics industries and is an important bulk chemical used to make pharmaceuticals, cleaning products and herbicides. Global demand is growing and in 2018 was 37,000 tonnes, far exceeding the supply from natural vanilla beans. About 85% of vanillin is currently synthesised from chemicals derived from fossil fuels.

Joanna Sadler, of the University of Edinburgh, who conducted the new work, said: “This is the first example of using a biological system to upcycle plastic waste into a valuable industrial chemical and it has very exciting implications for the circular economy.”

Stephen Wallace, also of the University of Edinburgh, said: “Our work challenges the perception of plastic being a problematic waste and instead demonstrates its use as a new carbon resource from which high value products can be made.”

About 1m plastic bottles are sold every minute around the world and just 14% are recycled. Currently even those bottles that are recycled can only be turned into opaque fibres for clothing or carpets.

 

The research, published in the journal Green Chemistry, used engineered E coli bacteria to transform TA into vanillin. The scientists warmed a microbial broth to 37C for a day, the same conditions as for brewing beer, Wallace said. This converted 79% of the TA into vanillin.

Next the scientists will further tweak the bacteria to increase the conversion rate further, he said: “We think we can do that pretty quickly. We have an amazing roboticised DNA assembly facility here.” They will also work on scaling up the process to convert larger amounts of plastic. Other valuable molecules could also be brewed from TA, such as some used in perfumes.

Ellis Crawford, of the Royal Society of Chemistry, said: “This is a really interesting use of microbial science to improve sustainability. Using microbes to turn waste plastics, which are harmful to the environment, into an important commodity is a beautiful demonstration of green chemistry.”

Recent research showed bottles are the second most common type of plastic pollution in the oceans, after plastic bags. In 2018, scientists accidentally created a mutant enzyme that breaks down plastic bottles, and subsequent work produced a super-enzyme that eats plastic bottles even faster.

 


 

By Damian Carrington, Environmental Editor

Source The Guardian

Benefits to be reaped if we don’t let wastewater go to waste

Benefits to be reaped if we don’t let wastewater go to waste

Having worked with wastewater and sewage sludge for seven years, I have developed not only a selective loss of smell (anosmia), but also true respect for wastewater.

Just look at the coronavirus pandemic and we can appreciate how wastewater has become a surveillance tool to detect possible Covid-19 infections.

Scientists at Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and the National University of Singapore (NUS) routinely test wastewater at the student hostels on campus as a precautionary measure to screen for circulation of the virus in the population.

And there is a lot more to wastewater than that.

Wastewater recycling is crucial because there is water scarcity in different parts of the world, even in an economically and technologically advanced country such as Singapore.

This is, after all, one of the most water-stressed countries in the world. For Singapore, as a tiny city state with a limited water catchment area and no other natural water resources, every drop counts – even wastewater.

Wastewater recycling has undeniably become the norm instead of the exception in many countries, including Singapore.

The Republic consumes about 1.9 million cubic m of water a day, with the non-domestic sector accounting for more than half of this demand.

Research to upcycle and return wastewater constituents to the circular economy is key to ensuring the sustainable use of water, more so on the industrial front.

For wastewater to be reused, it has to undergo strict treatment to meet all the regulations, and this is a complex and costly process.

Wastewater treatment processes also produce sludge that needs to be treated before it can be safely discharged to a landfill or incinerated (typically, the ash generated from the incineration will end up in a landfill too).

A common sludge treatment method is anaerobic digestion (AD) – a biological process that not only treats the sludge by removing the undesirable organics in it, but also reduces the volume of sludge that needs to be discarded or incinerated.

This is aligned with the Singapore Green Plan 2030, which aims to reduce waste sent to the landfill by 30 per cent, with a target of 20 per cent reduction by 2026.

 

Microbiome to the rescue

Research to improve the efficiencies of wastewater treatment has been rigorously conducted in Singapore and beyond.

Since wastewater treatment typically involves biologically driven processes collectively called “digestion”, a good understanding of the microbiome – microorganisms that exist in a particular environment – that drives this process is needed.

For example, a study at SCELSE, a biofilm and microbiome research centre hosted by NTU and NUS,

assesses the ability of the AD microbiome to function at a shortened digestion time of five days instead of 30 – six times faster – to speed up the digestion process for greater efficiency.

This microbiome is sensitive to changes in its environment. So, the scientists are also looking to improve its ability to withstand disturbances in order to minimise downtime and failure of the digesters (huge vessels where biological reactions take place), which can be costly to rectify.

 

Upcycling

We can also upcycle wastewater.

This fashionable term refers to the creation of something new out of waste or old materials.

I used to associate wastewater with “destroying” and “removing” instead of “creating” or “generating”. But research has opened my eyes to the potential of wastewater to generate valuable products.

For example, AD converts sludge and other biowaste to clean gaseous methane, which can be used by other microorganisms to produce safe protein-rich microbial biomass as a source of animal feed or food.

Although there is still some way to go, such renewable energy sources can be used instead of conventional fossil fuel, and thus support the Singapore Green Plan.

Sludge can also be used to produce other value-added products, such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs).

VFAs can be turned into biopolymers like polyhydroxyalcanoates – plastics that are more biodegradable than their petrochemically derived counterparts.

Upcycling is taken to a whole new plane too when we produce single-cell protein from wastewater that food and beverage industries would have discarded.

These microbial proteins can then be used to produce fish food.

So, with all these potential gains, we stand to benefit if we do not dismiss wastewater.

But all this boils down to our ability to conserve water, since wastewater can be generated only if there is clean water to begin with.

So, start appreciating every drop and plop that comes your way.

 


 

Source The Straits Times

Jaguar Land Rover turns to recycled aluminium to cut manufacturing CO2

Jaguar Land Rover turns to recycled aluminium to cut manufacturing CO2

The firm’s £2m REALITY project is developing high-grade aluminium from a blend of waste cans, bottle tops, and scrap vehicles

Jaguar Land Rover has developed an innovative process enabling it to recycle old aluminium cans, bottle tops, and end-of-life vehicles into brand new, premium cars, in a move it estimates could cut CO2 emissions from its manufacturing by more than a quarter.

Co-funded by the government’s innovation agency Innovate UK, the process was developed in partnership with Brunel University as part of a £2m project called ‘REALITY’, the British carmaker announced on Friday.

Engineers mixed recycled aluminium parts with a reduced amount of primary aluminium to form a new prototype alloy, which it said matches the quality of the materials currently used by the firm in its car manufacturing.

The project involved establishing a system for the recovery of the automotive-grade aluminium used to manufacture its products, the firm explained. Vehicle scrap is typically exported overseas, but the project drew on new separation technology to upcycle material from old cars so it could be blended with aluminium waste, thereby reducing the need for virgin aluminium.

Jaguar Land Rover said it was using pre-production of its Jaguar I-PACE electric vehicle prototypes to test the process, estimating it could potentially reduce alloy production CO2 emissions by up to 26 per cent compared to the current automotive grade.

“This project has allowed us, for the first time, to recover premium automotive-grade aluminium from scrapped vehicles and re-use its unique properties,” said Gaëlle Guillaume, REALITY lead project manager at Jaguar Land Rover. “The potential of this on the production process is a reduction in COimpact as well as helping us re-use even more aluminium. As we move into an autonomous, connected and electrified future, with the potential of shared fleets being de-commissioned en masse, it could allow Jaguar Land Rover to engineer this closed loop recycling alloy into tight production schedules to further improve efficiency and environmental benefits.”

Post-consumer recycled aluminium is widely used in products such as cans, food trays, bottle tops, and foil, but is has only more recently started to be utilised in automotive manufacturing. Recycled aluminium uses around 90 per cent less energy to produce compared to raw material production, according to the Aluminium Association.

The REALITY project forms part of Jaguar Land Rover’s recently announced sustainability strategy Destination Zero, through which it is aiming to become a zero emissions, zero accidents, and zero congestion company.

 


 

By Toby Hill

Source: Business Green