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Sunrise Movement Launches Campaign to Fight Climate Crisis With Guaranteed Jobs

Sunrise Movement Launches Campaign to Fight Climate Crisis With Guaranteed Jobs

Amid the ongoing climate emergency and the devastating coronavirus pandemic that has resulted in more than 500,000 deaths in the U.S. alone as well as an economic meltdown that has left millions of people unemployed, the Sunrise Movement on Thursday launched its “Good Jobs for All” campaign to demand that lawmakers pursue a robust recovery that guarantees a good job to anyone who wants one and puts the country on a path toward a Green New Deal.

“It will take millions of people to build a new energy grid, care for older folks, teach little kids, restore parks and buildings that have fallen into disrepair, and do the work of building happy, healthy communities,” the climate justice organization wrote on its campaign website. “This year, we can put millions of people back to work in good paying jobs building a sustainable, just, and people-centered economy.”

“In the richest country in the world, no one should go without a good job,” Varshini Prakash, executive director of the Sunrise Movement, said to thousands of people across the country who attended Thursday’s online launch event via livestream or at one of 600 virtual watch parties. “For years, our movement has been demanding a Green New Deal that fulfills Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s promise and Coretta Scott King’s dream through guaranteed good jobs and a better society.”

“This campaign,” Prakash added, “will galvanize and grow our movement around this critical component of the Green New Deal as we recover from Covid-19 and the economic recession.”

 

 

During the campaign launch, Sunrise—joined by Rep. Ayanna Pressley (D-Mass.) and Sara Nelson, president of the the Association of Flight Attendants-CWA, AFL-CIO—introduced their Good Jobs for All Pledge, which calls on President Joe Biden and members of Congress to immediately enact economic recovery legislation that meets the scale of the overlapping crises society is facing and paves the way for a Green New Deal that puts millions of people to work to fight against catastrophic climate change.

Given the current convergence of crises—public health, economic inequality, racial injustice, and “a climate crisis that looms over it all”—the Good Jobs for All Pledge stresses that “with so much work to do building a better society that works for all of us, there’s no reason anyone in the richest country in the history of the world should be unemployed, underemployed, or working a job that isn’t in the public interest.”

Pressley, a Green New Deal co-sponsor, recently introduced the Federal Job Guarantee Resolution, which seeks to make “meaningful, dignified work” at a livable wage an enforceable legal right.

Becoming the first signatory of the Good Jobs For All Pledge, the Massachusetts Democrat said Thursday that “establishing the legal right to a good job for every person will help address the current employment crisis, create the foundation for an equitable economic recovery, and ensure that we are able to meet the pressing challenges facing our communities.”

“I’m excited to work alongside the Sunrise Movement—as well as my colleagues, advocates, and activists across the country—to advance bold employment policies that ensure every person has access to a good job that pays a living wage, and that we put people to work addressing urgent priorities, like the climate crisis,” said Pressley, who is expected to soon be joined by other prominent progressive lawmakers.

Signatories to the Good Jobs for All Pledge promise to do everything in their power—including abolishing the Senate’s anti-democratic filibuster rule that obstructs the will of the majority—to “champion economic recovery legislation that invests $10 trillion to create at least 15 million good jobs sustained over the next decade in clean energy, transportation, housing, the care economy, public services, and regenerative agriculture, with the goal of ultimately guaranteeing full employment.”

 

In addition, backers of the pledge vow to:

  • Support “Indigenous sovereignty and strong labor, equity, immigration, and environmental justice standards,” as outlined in the THRIVE Agenda, a proposal for a just and sustainable recovery from the coronavirus crisis unveiled in September 2020 by a progressive coalition of unions, advocacy groups, and Democratic lawmakers;
  • Create or improve “public employment programs to directly put Americans to work in serving the public interest, including the robust funding of a Civilian Climate Corps and a Public Health Jobs Corps”;
  • Strengthen and protect the nation’s “workforce, unions, and workers’ rights through the provisions in the Protecting the Right to Organize (PRO) Act,” a broad piece of legislation introduced in May 2019 that would “negate four decades worth of anti-labor barriers that right-wing forces have put in place,” according to Alan Minsky, executive director of Progressive Democrats of America;
  • Direct “at least 50% of investment funds to communities on the frontlines of our economic, environmental, and public health crises”; and
  • Shift “every sector of the economy to 100% clean, renewable energy as fast as possible over the next decade.”

 

As Sunrise noted in a statement released Friday, “The campaign comes 43 days into the administration, as time ticks down on the Democrats’ now or never moment to stop the worst effects of the climate catastrophe and avoid the fatal political mistakes of the early Obama years: not acting at the full scale of the economic crisis, and falling short in delivering on promises made.”

Emphasizing that “the clock is ticking,” Prakash said that “we expect Biden and Congress to deliver on a bold economic recovery in its first 100 days—by April 30th.”

“We’re going to put on the pressure to make sure that they do,” she added. “And if they don’t, well then they’re really gonna hear from us—and there’ll be hell to pay. You’ve got 57 days to deliver.”

Reposted with permission from Common Dreams.

 


 

Source Eco Watch

Heeding the call for a green recovery

Heeding the call for a green recovery

It announced a big commitment to source clean energy at the height of the pandemic. How else is global nutrition, health and sustainable living company DSM ensuring this moment for change is not lost?

As many companies scrambled to respond to disruptions arising from the coronavirus pandemic earlier this year, nutrition, health and sustainable living company Royal DSM signed its largest renewable energy agreements covering about a quarter of its total annual electricity consumption.

The two power purchase agreements, inked in April, were with major wind energy producer EDPR in Europe, and with global solar firm Origis Energy in the United States. They put DSM on track to source 75 per cent of its energy from renewable sources by 2030, an increase from the 50 per cent it achieved last year.

Besides helping to improve DSM’s own carbon footprint, the long-term agreements enable EDPR and Origis to secure financing for the construction of their new renewable energy parks.

“Our first priority is always the health and safety of our people, something which has been especially critical this year. But our long-term approach to building back better is to accelerate our own sustainability, as well as enable others in the value chain and to advocate for stronger green initiatives because the problems faced by the world are too complex to be solved alone,” said Dimitri de Vreeze, co-chief executive officer and chief operating officer of DSM.

Calls began months ago for the world to build back better from the worst crisis of a generation. Environmentalists and sustainability advocates urged countries to take advantage of drops in energy demand, and changes in work and consumption patterns, to recalibrate for a low-carbon future.

Some have stepped up to the plate, but a recent analysis shows that few countries are living up to their “green recovery” pledges.

For DSM, a green recovery from the pandemic means systemic changes that will move the world towards net zero carbon and a more circular economy where resources are used in an endless loop, instead of ending up in landfills or being incinerated as waste.

Since 2015, the Dutch-headquartered multinational has set an internal carbon price of €50 per tonne of carbon dioxide-equivalent. This helps to incorporating the cost of emissions into decisions that require significant capital expenditure.

DSM’s diverse portfolio of products includes plant-based protein, feed additives to reduce methane belched by cows, an algae-based oil that replaces fish oil to feed farmed fish such as salmon, and coatings for solar modules that enable more power to be generated.

 

Faced with disruption from Covid-19, a vital part of the green recovery for businesses must be the integration of sustainable production. – Dimitri de Vreeze, Co-Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer and Managing Board Member, DSM

 

Boosting immunity and resilience

Much of its operations, such as those related to food and medical supplies, were deemed essential by governments, so production sites were not impacted by widespread lockdowns to contain the virus outbreak. Nonetheless, de Vreeze said it is looking at ways to enhance supply chain resilience. About 96 per cent of Asia Pacific enterprises are small and medium firms, and DSM is exploring ways to collaborate with partners to enhance their sustainability and innovation, he said.

The company has also responded to the trend of greater health consciousness. It distributed millions of immunity-boosting products containing essential vitamins and minerals to all 23,000 of its employees and their families in recent months. It also conducted webinars to enhance their understanding of healthier lifestyle choices that can optimise their immunity.

And in Singapore, DSM has partnered with innovation catalyst Padang & Co to establish a collaborative workspace called the Bright Science & Technology Innovation Hub. The hub aims to connect tech start-ups and other partners that seek to address Asia-Pacific’s nutritional, health and sustainability challenges, and provide them with access to DSM’s network, technical expertise and laboratories.

 

‘Now is the time for change’

DSM has also joined many of the most prominent global green recovery efforts to “ensure this moment for change is not lost”, said de Vreeze, who is a member of DSM’s managing board. They include the European Union (EU) Green Recovery Alliance, the World Economic Forum CEO Action Group, and the United Nations-backed “Uniting business and governments to recover better” campaign.

Asked what lessons the EU’s €750 billion coronavirus recovery fund—which will devote a significant portion to green projects such as low-carbon steel production—offers to other regions, de Vreeze noted that some countries in the Asia Pacific are also working towards a similar goal.

The South Korean government has included a Green New Deal as part of its US$110 billion stimulus package, he noted. Japan’s government has announced an online platform to facilitate the exchange of views and insights on how best to use carbon-cutting measures to reboot the economy sustainably.

“Elsewhere in the region, such as in Malaysia and Myanmar, we see a renewed interest in solar energy too,” he said.

“However, Asia Pacific still relies heavily on non-renewable energy and fossil fuels are still the dominant source of energy for Southeast Asia in particular. Worryingly, not only will coal continue to be the primary fuel source for power generation in the region, it is expected to grow in use over the next few years.”

Companies must act now by aligning with the UN Sustainable Development Goals and reporting environmental, social and governance (ESG) data, de Vreeze said. Investors can also help to change industry behaviour.

“Faced with disruption from Covid-19, a vital part of the green recovery for businesses must be the integration of sustainable production. A large and growing number of manufacturers are rethinking their inputs and turning to materials which can minimise the environmental impact without compromising performance,” said de Vreeze.

To promote transparency across the value chain—which is essential to ensure sustainable production—DSM has introduced Imp’Act Cards for an increasing number of ingredients used in personal care products. The cards quantify the environmental impact, traceability, social impact and identity of each product according to key standards, and are available for ingredients such as D-Panthenol, a moisturiser for skin and hair, and Vitamin E, an anti-oxidant.

By prioritising a faster and fairer transition from a grey to a green economy, and by aligning policies and recovery plans with the latest climate science, it is possible to achieve a business environment that encourages a resilient, zero carbon economy, said de Vreeze.

“The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted humanity’s interdependence with the natural environment, and how our current system makes us all vulnerable to challenges like climate change and resource scarcity,” he said.

“The time for change is now. A pivot towards a green recovery and circular economy must be high on the agenda of business leaders and governments alike.”

 


 

Source: Eco-Business

Wildlife tourism in the pandemic: what will happen to the parks, staff and animals?

Wildlife tourism in the pandemic: what will happen to the parks, staff and animals?
  • As coronavirus halts nature-based tourism worldwide, employees and their communities are struggling to stay afloat.
  • There are fears they could even become prey to criminal networks.

For more than two decades, M Khairi spent his days working as a park guide, accompanying a steady trickle of tourists keen to trek across the lush forests of western Indonesia or spot an endangered orangutan.

But like thousands of others who earn a living from the 56 conservation sites across the archipelago – all shuttered since March to help stem the spread of the novel coronavirus – Khairi is now out of a job and struggling to make ends meet.

“It’s enough to buy rice,” said the 48-year-old, whose income has plummeted about 75% to $17 per week.

“Around 500 of us have lost our jobs,” he told the Thomson Reuters Foundation of his fellow guides at the Gunung Leuser National Park on Sumatra island.

Globally, more than 3.5 million cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed, with deaths topping 250,000, according to a tally by Johns Hopkins University.

As countries move to contain the respiratory disease by shutting down their economies and enforcing restrictions on movement, national parks and conservation areas are also feeling the pain.

From guides and forest communities who rely on visitors for a living, to conservation efforts in protected areas and the wildlife that depend on those habitats, environmentalists warn the pandemic could have far-reaching consequences.

Indonesia’s foreign tourist arrivals fell 64% year-on-year in March to about 471,000, or fewer than half of January’s number, as the coronavirus outbreak discouraged travel, data from the statistics bureau showed.

The government has warned that the country could lose more than $10 billion in tourism revenue this year.

Khairi, who has four children to support, has managed to find low-paid manual work in a rubber plantation but has received no financial help from the local government and is worried about the future.

“It’s very bad for all of us now,” he said.

 

Criminal networks

In Africa, the COVID-19 pandemic has hit communities that rely on the wildlife tourism business for their survival in countries like Rwanda, Kenya and Botswana.

More than 70 million tourists visited Africa last year, according to the U.N. World Tourism Organization – many enticed by safaris, game drives or trophy hunting.

But with airports and borders now closed, most of those revenues have evaporated overnight.

Not only has that cut off the economic activities of millions of impoverished families living in and around Africa’s national parks and protected reserves, it has also damaged forest conservation and anti-poaching efforts.

With little government funding, the continent’s national parks largely depend on tourism revenue to run their operations and care for the animals and plants that thrive there.

“The lack of funds means parks cannot do frequent patrols as they need fuel for their cars and they need food for rangers to go on patrol,” said Kaddu Sebunya, chief executive officer of the African Wildlife Foundation.

“There are no tourists and fewer rangers around due to social distancing measures, making it easy for criminal networks to harvest natural resources.”

Sebunya said his biggest worry was for the 20 million-30 million Africans who earn a livelihood directly or indirectly from tourism.

Many are involved in eco-tourism projects – from running safari lodges to giving village tours or selling traditional produce and handicrafts – and have no other way to eke out a living besides subsistence farming.

 

Wildlife trainer Shandor Larenty feeds and pets a pride of lions at the Lion and Safari Park near Johannesburg, South Africa, February 7, 2020.
Image: Reuters/Tim Cocks

 

Conservationists fear that desperate communities – which have for decades helped control deforestation and poaching – may be exploited by criminal gangs to poach endangered animals or cut down trees for the charcoal trade, to get by.

“People are not going to sit home and starve. They will rely on what natural resources are next to them. If it’s a forest, they will cut the trees. If it’s a park, they will hunt the animals. If it’s a river, they will over-fish,” said Sebunya.

Those laid off from jobs in tourism lodges or as rangers “know the parks better than anyone else” and are at risk of being targeted for recruitment by poachers, he added.

 

‘Desperate times’

The 46 UK-based charities that form The Wildlife Trusts are also dealing with unprecedented challenges from the pandemic.

Conservation in Britain – one of the world’s most nature-depleted countries – has become harder than ever during the novel coronavirus outbreak.

Some staff at the network have been furloughed while those still working have lost valuable time on dealing with a proliferation of illegal activities such as shooting wildlife and fly-tipping, it said.

Vital conservation work has had to be put on hold, meanwhile, leading to an explosion of invasive species, deterioration of rare wildflower meadows, stalled reintroduction of wildlife and potential loss of species such as dormice.

“These are desperate times for our movement as income from visitor centres and fundraisers has crashed, yet the demands of caring for thousands of nature reserves are higher than ever,” said Craig Bennett, CEO of The Wildlife Trusts.

Bennett also pointed to the negative impact of delays in new legislation, the halting of animal vaccination programmes and beach clean-ups, and a rise in fly-tipping, vandalism and theft on nature reserves, as well as illegal shooting of rare birds.

Governments worldwide have their hands full dealing with the “human emergency” of COVID-19, making it difficult to argue for investment in nature right now, said Onno van den Heuvel, global manager of the Biodiversity Finance Initiative at the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

But biodiversity conservation provides an estimated 22 million jobs globally, he said, adding that during lockdowns, people could help by crowdfunding ongoing projects.

UNDP is now considering specific crowdfunding campaigns for three to six countries to raise money to keep rangers in their jobs, for example, while also supporting their communities, many of whom were already poor before the pandemic, he added.

“Parks are closed, tourists are at home, and their revenue sources have been drying up – and they’re really in immediate need of additional funding,” he said.


Source: https://www.weforum.org/

Journalist, Thomson Reuters Foundation

These farmers are prospering in the pandemic by delivering straight to homes

These farmers are prospering in the pandemic by delivering straight to homes
  • Farmers are adapting to the pandemic by offering at-home delivery.
  • This is leading to an increase in profits.

With restaurants shut and grocery stores posing a coronavirus risk, some Americans are ordering food directly from the farm – a trend small-scale producers hope will outlast the pandemic.

It could be one of the few economic upsides to a crisis that has emptied high streets and felled business as Americans lock down against the fast-spreading novel coronavirus.

In northern Wisconsin, a farmers’ collective said they are making thousands of dollars a week in a season when sales are normally zero.

By selling to people instead of restaurants, Illinois farmers said revenues are close to an all-time high.

Many farmers are adopting online ordering and home delivery, transforming old-fashioned farms into consumer-friendly outlets.

“In two or three weeks we accelerated like five to ten years of growth and change in the industry,” said Simon Huntley, founder of Harvie, a company based in Pittsburgh that helps farmers market and sell their products online.

“I think we are getting a lot of new people into local food that have never tried buying from their local farmer before.”

Eating local is lauded as a way to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of transporting food long distances, although some studies have shown it is not always more climate-friendly.

Shorter supply chains boost resilience in a crisis and help small-scale sustainable farms, said Jayce Hafner, co-founder of FarmRaise, which helps farmers get grants and loans.

Growers across the country are vulnerable to economic shocks right now because of labour shortages, supply chain disruptions and fluctuating prices linked to the pandemic, she said.

“The beauty of the direct-to-consumer app is it allows a farmer to capture the value of their product at a near-to-retail price, and so it’s a really attractive option economically for a farmer,” Hafner said.

 

New expectations

Chris Duke, who owns a farm in Wisconsin, has managed a community-supported agriculture (CSA) program for years.

The CSA model gained popularity in the United States more than a decade ago. Typically customers pay a subscription fee to a farm then receive regular boxes of whatever is grown.

But with the spread of online shopping, shoppers are now used to getting what they want, when they want it, said Duke.

 

Jack Kaster prepares a food delivery from Great Oak Farm, Mason, Wisconsin, September 25, 2019.
Image: Handout: Chris Duke

 

Using Harvie’s platform, his farm and 17 others in the area can offer customers 95 products, from vegetables to honey to meat, and their clients choose just what they want each week.

They had been thinking of doing this for a while, he said, but were only spurred to make the change when coronavirus hit.

“I love the CSA model, but the CSA model by itself is 30 years old, and a lot has changed in the food marketplace, in technology, in customer expectations,” Duke said. “It’s a totally different world now.”

Last week the farms made about $7,000 between them, which is huge for a season when not much is growing, he said.

He plans to keep the new model after the pandemic wanes.

 

Challenges

Not all of the direct-to-consumer businesses are digital.

Marty Travis, a farmer in central Illinois, has been the middleman connecting local farms to restaurants for 16 years. He markets the products to chefs in the Chicago area, collects orders and distributes fresh produce each week.

When the novel coronavirus hit, he shifted gear and started selling to individuals – and was overwhelmed by demand.

“We could have 1,000 people tomorrow,” he said, but can only cater to 200 customers so had to cap orders accordingly.

He delivers to three dropoff spots in Chicago where people line up to collect – it is not home delivery but challenging nonetheless as farmers are used to bulk orders and packaging.

Proceeds are huge.

“We have to find these opportunities to celebrate some positive stuff,” said Travis, who is writing a book about how farmers can band together to feed communities.

Lisa Duff, the owner of a small family farm in Maryland, started offering customized, at-home deliveries last year and said it saved her when the restaurants and farmers’ markets she served closed in March.

Without a delivery person, she does most of the driving herself – which has been tough.

But she has also seen her customers nearly double.

“I’m hopeful that this will really truly help us find that local food is here to stay.”

 


 

Single-use plastic in the pandemic: how to stay safe and sustainable

Single-use plastic in the pandemic: how to stay safe and sustainable
  • In Europe and the US, the plastic industry has used the threat of coronavirus contamination to push back against bans on single-use plastics.
  • Research shows one of the biggest challenges in promoting sustainable behaviours is to break old habits and adopt new ones.

In eight years, US environmentalist and social media star Lauren Singer had never sent an item of rubbish to landfill. But last month, in an impassioned post to her 383,000 Instagram followers, she admitted the reality of COVID-19 has changed that.

I sacrificed my values and bought items in plastic. Lots of it, and plastic that I know isn’t recyclable in NYC (New York City) recycling or maybe even anywhere … why would I go against something that I have actively prioritised and promoted?

Singer wrote that as the seriousness of COVID-19 dawned, she stocked up on items she’d need if confined to her home for a long period – much of it packaged in plastic.

Her confession encapsulates how the pandemic has challenged those of us who are trying to reduce our waste. Many sustainability-conscious people may now find themselves with cupboards stocked with plastic bottles of hand sanitiser, disposable wipes and takeaway food containers.

So let’s look at why this is happening, and what to do about it.

 

The coronavirus crisis has pushed the global problem of plastic waste into the background.
Image: Ammar Awad/Reuters

 

Sustainability out the window

We research how consumers respond to change, such as why consumers largely resisted single-use plastic bag bans. Recently we’ve explored how the coronavirus has changed the use of plastic bags, containers and other disposable products.

Amid understandable concern over health and hygiene during the pandemic, the problem of disposable plastics has taken a back seat.

For example, Coles’ home delivery service is delivering items in plastic bags (albeit reusable ones) and many coffee shops have banned reusable mugsincluding global Starbucks branches.

Restaurants and other food businesses can now only offer home delivery or takeaway options. Many won’t allow customers to bring their own containers, defaulting to disposables which generate plastic waste. This means many consumers can’t reduce their plastic waste, even if they wanted to.

Demand for products such as disposable wipes, cleaning agents, hand sanitiser, disposable gloves and masks is at a record high. Unfortunately, they’re also being thrown out in unprecedented volumes.

And the imperative to prevent the spread of coronavirus means tonnes of medical waste is being generated. For example, hospitals and aged care facilities have been advised to double-bag clinical waste from COVID-19 patients. While this is a necessary measure, it adds to the plastic waste problem.

 

Many cafes will not accept reusable cups during the health crisis.
Image: The Conversation

 

Cause for hope

Sustainability and recycling efforts are continuing. Soft plastics recycler Red Cycle is still operating. However many drop-off points for soft plastics, such as schools and council buildings, are closed, and some supermarkets have removed their drop-off bins.

Boomerang Alliance’s Plastic Free Places program has launched a guide for cafes and restaurants during COVID-19. It shows how to avoid single-use plastics, and what compostable packaging alternatives are available.

As the guide notes, “next year the coronavirus will hopefully be a thing of the past but plastic pollution won’t be. It’s important that we don’t increase plastic waste and litter in the meantime.”

 

Old habits die hard

In the US, lobbyists for the plastic industry have taken advantage of health fears by arguing single-use plastic bags are a more hygienic option than reusable ones. Plastic bag bans have since been rolled back in the US and elsewhere.

 

Plastic bag use is surging during the pandemic.
Image: TASS/ Sipa USA

 

However, there is little evidence to show plastic bags are a safer option, and at least reusable cloth bags can be washed.

A relaxation on plastic bag bans – even if temporary – is likely to have long-term consequences for consumer behaviour. Research shows one of the biggest challenges in promoting sustainable behaviours is to break old habits and adopt new ones. Once people return to using plastic bags, the practice becomes normalised again.

In Europe, the plastic industry is using the threat of coronavirus contamination to push back against a ban on single-use plastics such as food containers and cutlery.

Such reframing of plastic as a “protective” health material can divert attention from its dangers to the environment. Prior research, as well as our preliminary findings, suggest these meanings matter when it comes to encouraging environmentally friendly behaviours.

Many people are using their time at home to clear out items they no longer need. However, most second-hand and charity shops are closed, so items that might have had a second life end up in landfill.

Similarly, many toolbook and toy libraries are closed, meaning some people will be buying items they might otherwise have borrowed.

 

Once consumers go back to using plastic bags, it will take time to break the habit again.
Image: Darren England/AAP

 

What to do

We can expect the environmental cause will return to the foreground when the COVID-19 crisis has passed. In the meantime, reuse what you have, and try to store rather than throw out items for donation or recycling.

Talk to takeaway food outlets about options for using your own containers, and refuse disposable cutlery or napkins with deliveries. Use the time to upskill your coffee-making at home rather than buying it in a takeaway cup. And look for grocery suppliers offering more sustainable delivery packaging, such as cardboard boxes or biodegradable bags.

Above all, be vigilant about ways environmental protections such as plastic bag bans might be undermined during the pandemic, and voice your concerns to politicians.

 


 

This is the effect coronavirus has had on air pollution all across the world

This is the effect coronavirus has had on air pollution all across the world
  • The coronavirus pandemic has lead to an increase in air quality all around the world. Lockdowns have resulted in factories and roads shutting, thus reducing emissions.
  • These 11 visualizations, using data from NASA’s Global Modeling and Data Assimilation team, show the dramatic impact lockdown measures have had on pollution levels.

To contain the coronavirus pandemic, billions of people have been told to stay at home. In China, authorities placed almost half a billion people under lockdown, the equivalent of nearly 7% of the world’s population. Many other countries have since taken similar measures, initially in hard-hit Italy and Spain, and more recently in the United States and India.

The restrictions have sent financial markets into free fall. But they have also given residents in some of the world’s most polluted cities something they have not experienced in years: clean air.

Reuters visualisations, based on data from NASA’s Global Modeling and Data Assimilation team, show how concentrations of some pollutants fell drastically after the lockdowns started.

Satellite observations record information on aerosols in the atmosphere. NASA’s model is then able to provide estimates of the distribution of these pollutants close to the Earth’s surface.

 

China

The maps below show how levels of PM2.5 nitrate fell in China’s Hubei province after the government imposed travel restrictions. Nitrate is one of the components that make up PM2.5, tiny particles, about 3% of the diameter of human hair, that can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, leading to heart disease, strokes or cancer.

Nitrate aerosols are formed from nitrogen compounds, which can be emitted by human activities, especially burning fuel and diesel.

 

 

“We may soon learn how much of an impact this temporary pause in pollution has had on human health and the environment, but the clearest takeaway from this event is how satellite measurements of nitrogen compounds can be used as an indicator of economic activity,” said Ryan Stauffer, a research scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.

Ground station metrics from Wuhan, where the pandemic originated, show how certain pollutants including nitrogen dioxide were at record lows during the first few months of the year.

Some of the major sources of nitrogen dioxide are vehicle exhausts, power plants and wastewater treatment plants.

Scientists say nitrogen dioxide pollution has been steadily decreasing over the last few years. However, the lockdown may have contributed to this year’s drop.

The following charts show monthly averages of pollutants over the last seven years.

 

 

South Korea

In early March, South Korea reported a large increase in COVID-19 cases. Since then, ground stations have been measuring the lowest levels of some pollutants for seven years. Although South Korea did not impose major restrictions on residents, changes in daily activity could have contributed to the drop.

 

 

Italy

Similar patterns unfolded across Italy following the introduction of a nationwide lockdown on March 9. Restrictions had already been implemented in late February in some northern regions, where COVID-19 cases had surged.

The industrial belt across northern Italy often experiences high levels of air pollution, but estimates show otherwise this year.

 

 

Of the pollutants that fell most significantly in northern Italy, nitrogen dioxide stood out, according to data recorded at ground stations. Bergamo, one of the provinces most affected by the virus, has experienced improvements in air quality.

 

 

India

Every winter, New Delhi and other big cities in the north are enveloped in a blanket of smog as farmers burn crop residue. The air tends to clear a little in spring.

 

Lockdown has visibly changed India’s air quality. Image: Bhushan Kumar, Sunil Kataria / Reuters.

 

However, in the first few months of this year, India experienced a significant decline in some pollutants. The lockdown imposed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the country’s 1.3 billion people could be a major contributing factor. However, there may also be other factors impacting air quality, according to Pallavi Pant, an air quality scientist at the Health Effects Institute in Boston.

“Air pollution levels are often influenced by local meteorology, like temperature or wind speed. Several early analyses are showing declines in air pollution in regions where shutdowns have taken place. However, any such analyses should consider all relevant factors.” Pallavi Pant told Reuters.

Ground stations in northern India also show a downward trend in overall PM2.5, according to data from local authorities.

 

 

Beyond improvements in outdoor air quality, scientists are also curious how lockdowns have affected indoor air quality, with millions of people staying at home for far longer than usual.

“As we continue to talk about improvements in outdoor air quality, people are spending a lot more time indoors and the exposure patterns for indoor air pollution might be different at this time too,” said Pant.